Power Plant is a type
of thermal power plant that is widely used, because of the high efficiency to
produce electrical energy economically. Plant an energy conversion machine that
converts chemical energy in a fuel into electrical energy.
Energy conversion process at the
plant progresses through three stages, namely:
First, the chemical energy in the fuel
is converted into heat energy in the form of vapor pressure and high
temperature.
Second, the thermal energy (steam) is
converted into mechanical energy in the form of a round.
Third, the mechanical energy is
converted into electrical energy.
The process of energy conversion
in power plant
energy conversion process at
power plant
Plant uses water
vapor working fluid circulating in a closed session. Closed cycle means using
the same fluid repeatedly. The sequence of circulation in brief is as follows:
First,
water fed to the
boiler to fill the entire surface area of heat transfer. In the boiler water
is heated by the hot gases of combustion of fuel with air so it turns to steam.
Second, the steam production with
pressure and temperature boiler are directed to turn turbines to produce
mechanical power in the form of a round.
Third, the generator is coupled
directly to a rotating turbine produces electricity as a result of the rotation
of the magnetic field inside the coil, so that when the turbine rotates
generated electrical energy from the generator output terminals
Fourth, the former Steam exits the
turbine into the condenser to be cooled with cooling water in order to turn
back into water called condensate water. Condensate water vapor condensation
product is then used again as a filler water boiler.
Thus this cycle takes
place continuously and repeatedly.
Parts
of plant
Main
sections
The main part contained in a
plant that is:
Boiler
Boiler function to convert water
(feed water) into a further steam (superheated steam) which will be used to
turn turbines.
Steam
turbine
The steam turbine is used to
convert the heat energy contained in the steam into rotary energy (mechanical energy).
The turbine shaft is coupled to the generator shaft so that when the turbine
rotates the generator also rotates.
Condenser
The condenser is used to condense
steam from the former turbine (steam has been used to turn turbines).
Generator
Generator serves to convert
rotary energy of the turbine into electrical energy.
Supporting
equipment
Supporting equipment contained in
a power plant in general is:
Desalination
Plant (Unit Desal)
This equipment is used to convert
sea water (brine) into fresh water (fresh water) with a distillation method
(combination of evaporation and condensation). This is due to the corrosive
nature of sea water, so if the sea water is allowed directly into the main
unit, then it can cause damage to plant equipment.
Reverse
Osmosis (RO)
Has the same functionality as the
desalination plant but the methods used are different. This equipment is used
on a semi-permeable membrane that filters out salts contained in seawater, so
it can produce fresh water such as the desalination plant.
Pre
Treatment on cooling unit that uses ground water / river
For a power plant that uses
ground water / river water, pre-treatment is used to remove sediment, dirt and
minerals contained in the water.
Demineralizer
Plant (Unit Demin)
Serves to remove the mineral
content (ion) contained in fresh water. Water as the working fluid must be free
of mineral plant, because if water still contains mineral means the
conductivity is high so as to cause EMF induction when the water passes through
the piping inside the plant. This can lead to corrosion in power plant
equipment.
Hydrogen
Plant (Unit hydrogen)
At the power plant to use
hydrogen (H2) as a coolant Generator.
Chlorination
Plant (Unit Chlorine)
Serves to produce a sodium
compound hipoclorit (NaOCl) used to intoxicate / weaken marine micro-organisms
in the water intake area. This is intended to avoid pengerakkan (scaling) on
the condenser pipes and Desal unit due to the proliferation of
micro-organisms of the sea.
Auxiliary
Boilers (Boiler Auxiliary)
In general, an oil-fired boiler
(fuel oil), which serves to produce a vapor (steam) which is used when the main
boiler start-up as well as an auxiliary steam (auxiliary steam).
Coal
Handling (Coal Services Unit)
Is a unit which serves the
processing of coal, namely the process of loading and unloading ships (ship
unloading) in the dock, distribution of stock to the area until the
distribution to the bunker units.
Ash
Handling (Abu Service Unit)
Is a processing unit that serves
both the ash fall ash (bottom ash) and fly ash (fly ash) from the hopper and
SDCC Electrostatic Precipitator (Submerged Drag Chain Conveyor) on the main
unit to the shelter ash (ash valley)
Each of the main
components and supporting equipment is equipped with the systems and tools that
support the work of the component. Disruption or malfunction of one of the main
component parts could cause disruption of the entire power plant system.
