Working Cycle and Coal Fire Steam Power Plant Sections

Power Plant is a type of thermal power plant that is widely used, because of the high efficiency to produce electrical energy economically. Plant an energy conversion machine that converts chemical energy in a fuel into electrical energy.

Energy conversion process at the plant progresses through three stages, namely:

First, the chemical energy in the fuel is converted into heat energy in the form of vapor pressure and high temperature.

Second, the thermal energy (steam) is converted into mechanical energy in the form of a round.

Third, the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy.

The process of energy conversion in power plant

 

energy conversion process at power plant

Plant uses water vapor working fluid circulating in a closed session. Closed cycle means using the same fluid repeatedly. The sequence of circulation in brief is as follows:

First, water fed to the boiler to fill the entire surface area of ​​heat transfer. In the boiler water is heated by the hot gases of combustion of fuel with air so it turns to steam.

Second, the steam production with pressure and temperature boiler are directed to turn turbines to produce mechanical power in the form of a round.

Third, the generator is coupled directly to a rotating turbine produces electricity as a result of the rotation of the magnetic field inside the coil, so that when the turbine rotates generated electrical energy from the generator output terminals

Fourth, the former Steam exits the turbine into the condenser to be cooled with cooling water in order to turn back into water called condensate water. Condensate water vapor condensation product is then used again as a filler water boiler.

Thus this cycle takes place continuously and repeatedly.

Parts of plant

Main sections

The main part contained in a plant that is:

Boiler

Boiler function to convert water (feed water) into a further steam (superheated steam) which will be used to turn turbines.

Steam turbine

The steam turbine is used to convert the heat energy contained in the steam into rotary energy (mechanical energy). The turbine shaft is coupled to the generator shaft so that when the turbine rotates the generator also rotates.

Condenser

The condenser is used to condense steam from the former turbine (steam has been used to turn turbines).

Generator

Generator serves to convert rotary energy of the turbine into electrical energy.

Supporting equipment

Supporting equipment contained in a power plant in general is:

Desalination Plant (Unit Desal)

This equipment is used to convert sea water (brine) into fresh water (fresh water) with a distillation method (combination of evaporation and condensation). This is due to the corrosive nature of sea water, so if the sea water is allowed directly into the main unit, then it can cause damage to plant equipment.

Reverse Osmosis (RO)

Has the same functionality as the desalination plant but the methods used are different. This equipment is used on a semi-permeable membrane that filters out salts contained in seawater, so it can produce fresh water such as the desalination plant.

Pre Treatment on cooling unit that uses ground water / river

For a power plant that uses ground water / river water, pre-treatment is used to remove sediment, dirt and minerals contained in the water.

Demineralizer Plant (Unit Demin)

Serves to remove the mineral content (ion) contained in fresh water. Water as the working fluid must be free of mineral plant, because if water still contains mineral means the conductivity is high so as to cause EMF induction when the water passes through the piping inside the plant. This can lead to corrosion in power plant equipment.

Hydrogen Plant (Unit hydrogen)

At the power plant to use hydrogen (H2) as a coolant Generator.

Chlorination Plant (Unit Chlorine)

Serves to produce a sodium compound hipoclorit (NaOCl) used to intoxicate / weaken marine micro-organisms in the water intake area. This is intended to avoid pengerakkan (scaling) on ​​the condenser pipes and Desal unit due to the proliferation of micro-organisms of the sea.

Auxiliary Boilers (Boiler Auxiliary)

In general, an oil-fired boiler (fuel oil), which serves to produce a vapor (steam) which is used when the main boiler start-up as well as an auxiliary steam (auxiliary steam).

Coal Handling (Coal Services Unit)

Is a unit which serves the processing of coal, namely the process of loading and unloading ships (ship unloading) in the dock, distribution of stock to the area until the distribution to the bunker units.

Ash Handling (Abu Service Unit)

 Is a processing unit that serves both the ash fall ash (bottom ash) and fly ash (fly ash) from the hopper and SDCC Electrostatic Precipitator (Submerged Drag Chain Conveyor) on the main unit to the shelter ash (ash valley)

Each of the main components and supporting equipment is equipped with the systems and tools that support the work of the component. Disruption or malfunction of one of the main component parts could cause disruption of the entire power plant system.